The development of agriculture has a history of thousands of years in China, and with the state’s attention to agriculture and agricultural reform, agricultural development has made many achievements. The development of science and technology has made agricultural mechanization widely used in agriculture, and has also brought about a sea change in agriculture.
From the implementation of the Agricultural Mechanization Promotion Law, the development of agricultural mechanization has reached a golden period, and with the reduction of rural labor, agricultural mechanization has become an inevitable trend. In this situation, it is necessary to recognize the current situation of agricultural mechanization in China and explore the new mode of agricultural mechanization development on this basis in order to accelerate the development of agricultural mechanization and the healthy development of agriculture.
1 The current situation of agricultural mechanization in China
1.1 Comprehensive mechanization level of crop cultivation, seeding and harvesting
The statistics from 2002 to 2015 show that the comprehensive mechanization level of crop cultivation, seeding and harvesting has been growing rapidly since 2004, with a growth rate of more than 6% per year, and the growth rate has slowed down from 2009. Although mechanization has been a relatively large increase, but compared with developed countries there is still a big gap.
1.2 The whole mechanization level of major crops
Different crops due to regional and other factors limiting the level of mechanization is relatively large differences, many crop mechanization is still blank. Drying, primary processing and other mechanization is in the initial stage.
1.3 Operation links and the level of mechanization in each province
Relevant information and data show that the mechanization level of tillage, sowing and harvesting of wheat and soybean is relatively average, while the mechanization level of cotton, corn, rice, etc. varies relatively widely. The mechanization level in the developed areas in the east and northeast is higher, and the mechanization level in the west is lower.
2 Agricultural mechanization development model research
2.1 Improve agricultural mechanization policy support
Policy is the catalyst for the development of the industry, developed agricultural countries are using policy to promote the development of agricultural mechanization. Because the policy represents the national will to guide market demand and promote the development of agricultural mechanization.
The full realization of agricultural mechanization also needs to improve the number of agricultural machinery and the quality of farmers, to ensure the safety of agricultural machinery operation on the basis of driving the rapid development of agricultural mechanization.
First, to improve the system of agricultural machinery system. The system is not the more the better, the more perfect the better. Agricultural mechanization system should form a unified central and local, science and technology policies and legal policies complement each other.
Second, strengthen the science and technology policy support. With the development of agriculture, imitation and vicious competition has become the main theme of the current development of agricultural mechanization, but it should be clear that only innovation can fundamentally ensure the improvement of business efficiency.
Again, the establishment of agricultural machinery socialization service system, improve the level of socialization services. For the leasing of agricultural machinery, operation services, etc. need to be corresponding norms constraints and supervision, but also need to support the supporting policies for support.
Finally, optimize the purchase subsidy system. Purchase subsidies are a common practice in most developed countries, the effect is very good, China’s agricultural machinery purchase subsidies policy needs to be further improved. The agricultural machinery subsidy policy should be tilted to underdeveloped areas in order to improve the level of agricultural machinery in underdeveloped areas and speed up the renewal of agricultural machinery.
2.2 Cultivate a high degree of professionalism in agriculture
The quality of farmers is the driver of agricultural mechanization, so farmers should be cultivated into highly professional personnel. First, the training of farmers should be strengthened, including the knowledge related to agricultural machines, new agricultural technology and crop planting technology. It is necessary to improve the investment in training, increase the number of training places, increase the number of teachers for training, and ensure the quality of training.
At the same time, the smooth implementation of training programs should be ensured, and the training content should be updated in a timely manner to meet farmers’ needs for new machines and technologies to meet the development requirements of agricultural modernization.
In addition, strengthening the vocationalization of farmers can also improve their professional knowledge and management level of reserves, so that crop cultivation can really become a profession. Second, training channels should be broadened. Relevant government departments should optimize the training policy and actively guide the joint operation of training schools and extension stations to stimulate farmers’ awareness of participating in training.
2.3 Proper land intensification
Regarding land intensification, the United States is a successful example, mainly farm-based intensification model, in which the proportion of large farms is high. In China, due to the large rural population, rural farmers mainly rely on land farming for income, so the land intensification model should be carried out according to the actual situation.
The farm model can be implemented in areas where conditions permit, and moderate intensification is the main focus in densely populated areas to expand the area of a single piece of land. The land intensification mode should be developed together with new business subjects. The new business subjects mainly include agricultural machinery cooperatives and family farms, etc. The government should give support from the policy level to ensure their healthy development.
2.4 Machinery full intelligence
At the level of mechanical all-intelligent development, one is to cultivate agricultural machinery talents. The main problem of the development of China’s agricultural mechanization is the serious lack of agricultural machinery talents and less capital investment in agricultural machinery. Training of agricultural machinery talents should start with strengthening the discipline of agricultural machinery training schools, guiding students from agricultural machinery schools to enter the agricultural machinery industry, and guiding R&D talents to actively invest in the research and development of agricultural machinery through funding and policy preferences.
Second, we should focus on the development of the entire mechanization of agricultural machinery. The application of agricultural machinery in agricultural production is the key to agricultural mechanization, the whole agricultural mechanization is the basis of agricultural mechanization. The relevant government departments can strengthen the disadvantageous whole process mechanization in terms of subsidies, and improve the enthusiasm of enterprises for the research of disadvantageous mechanization.
Third, strengthen the research force to solve the key technology in the process of agricultural machinery research and development. The government can come forward to guide the joint research institutes and advanced enterprises, the key technologies and components of agricultural machinery technology research and development, the foundation for the full mechanization of agriculture.
3 Conclusion
China’s agricultural mechanization level compared with foreign developed countries, is still relatively low, and there are great differences between various regions, planting links, planting crops, the number of existing agricultural machinery is small, and the technical content is not high.
Through the analysis of the current situation summed up the emergence of the stage should mainly focus on land intensive mode, take the development of agricultural mechanization model with Chinese characteristics. Through government guidance, play the pulling role of policy, improve the level of land intensification, cultivate professional farmers, and guide the benign competition of enterprises in order to comprehensively promote the process of agricultural mechanization.